Diffusively-driven overturning of a stable density gradient

Diffusively-driven overturning of a stable density gradient

We present the results of an experimental study on the formation and propagation of thermohaline intrusions from an initial state that is stably stratified in two diffusing components. The intrusions form in a layer that contains compensating horizontal gradients of the two components and that lies above a denser reservoir layer that is homogeneous. In the initial state, a vertical barrier sepa...

The role of meridional density differences for a wind-driven overturning circulation

Experiments with the coupled climate model CLIMBER-3a, which contains an oceanic general circulation model, show deep upwelling in the Southern Ocean to be proportional to the surface wind stress in the latitudinal band of Drake Passage. At the same time, the distribution of the Southern Ocean upwelling onto the oceanic basins is controlled by buoyancy distribution; the inflow into each basin b...

The wind-driven overturning circulation of the World Ocean

The wind driven aspects of the meridional overturning circulation of the world ocean and the Conveyor Belt is studied making use of a simple analytical model. The model consists of three reduced gravity layers with an inviscid Sverdrupian interior and a western boundary layer. The net north-south exchange is made possible by setting 5 appropriate western boundary conditions, so that most of the...

Motility and recovery of alpaca (Vicugna pacos) spermatozoa after centrifugation in a density gradient solution

Background: One of the factors limiting successful processing of alpaca (Vicugna pacos) semen is the viscosity of seminal plasma. The viscous nature of the collected ejaculate has hindered sperm cryopreservation as well as artificial insemination (AI) under field conditions. Aims: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate recovery, motility, ...

Turbulent mixing at a stable density interface: the variation of the buoyancy flux–gradient relation